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الحضارة الإسلامية - قاموس مصطلحات عربى انجليزى
الحضارة الإسلامية - قاموس مصطلحات عربى انجليزى
أَجنِحَةُ العَزلِ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن أَنشَأَ أَجنِحَةَ العَزلِ Isolation wards : Muslim scientists were the first to establish isolation wards for communicable diseases. أَجنِحَةُ عَزلِ المَرضَى كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن أَنشَأَ أَجنِحَةَ عَزلِ مَرضَى الجُذَامِ Leprosariums : Muslim scientists were the first to establish leprosariums. أَحمَاض لِلمُعَالَجَةِ بِالكَيِّ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهَا فِي أغراض التداوي Acids : Developed for use in cauterization by Muslim scientists. أَدَوَاتُ الرَّيِّ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Irrigation devices : Introduced to the West by Muslims. أَدَوَاتُ الطِّبَاعَةِ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Printing devices : Introduced to the West by Muslims. أَدَوَاتُ تَصنِيعِ الزُّجَاجِ أَدَوَاتٌ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Glass-making devices : Devices introduced to the West by Muslims. أَدَوَاتٌ جِرَاحِيَّةٌ أَسهَمَ المُسلِمُونَ فِي اِختِرَاعِ العَدِيدِ مِنهَا Surgical instruments : Muslim scientists introduced many surgical instruments to the West. أَدوِيَةُ القَلبِ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن نَظَّمَ اِستِخدَامَ أَدوِيَةِ القَلبِ Cardiac medicines : Muslim scientists were the first to make systematic use of cardiac medicines. أَقرَاصُ فَيتَامِينِ الحَدِيدِ لِعِلَاجِ فَقرِ الدَّمِ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا اِستَحدَثَهُ عُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمِينَ Iron tablets : A dietary supplement for anemia, developed by Muslim scientists. أَنَابِيبُ دَاخِلَ البَطنِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِاِستِخدَامِ أَنَابِيبَ دَاخِلَ البَطنِ لِاِمتِصَاصِ الخَرَارِيجِ Intra-abdominal tubes : Muslim scientists invented intra-abdominal tubes for drainage of abdominal abscesses. أُنبُوبَةُ الاِختِبَارِ أُنبُوبَةٌ زُجَاجِيَّةٌ شَفَّافَةٌ تُستَخدَمُ فِي الاِختِبَارَاتِ المَعمَلِيَّةِ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Test tube : A clear, cylindrical glass tube, used in laboratory experimentation. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. إِزَالَةُ المِيَاهِ البَيضَاءِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِإِجرَاءِ عَمَلِيَّاتِ إِزَالَةِ المِيَاهِ البَيضَاءِ مِن العَينِ Cataract extraction : Muslim scientists were the first to perform surgery for cataract removal. اِستِخدَامُ الحَيَوَانَاتِ فِي التَّجَارُبِ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَ الحَيَوَانَاتِ فِي التَّجَارُبِ لِتَحدِيدِ الآثَارِ الجَانِبِيَّةِ لِلأَدوِيَةِ Animal experimentation : Muslim scientists were the first to use animal experimentation for determining drug actions and/or toxicities. اِستِسقَاءُ الرَّأسِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِتَشخِيصٍ دَقِيقٍ لِاِستِسقَاءِ الرَّأسِ Hydrocephalus : Muslim scientists made the first accurate diagnosis of hydrocephalus. اِعتِدَالُ اللَّيلِ وَالنَّهَارِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي تَحدِيدِ وَقتِ اِعتِدَالِ اللَّيلِ وَالنَّهَارِ، وَهُوَ يَحدُثُ مَرَّتَينِ فِي العَامِ 21 مَارِسَ و23 سِبتَمبِرَ Equinoxes : Muslim scientists contributed to the determination of the precession of equinoxes. الأَحذِيَةُ الجِلدِيَّةُ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Leather shoes : Introduced to the West by Muslims. الأُرزُ نَوعٌ مِنَ الحُبُوبِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Rice : A cereal grass, introduced to the West by Muslims. الأَسطُرلَابُ آلَةٌ فَلَكِيَّةٌ لِقِيَاسِ اِرتِفَاعِ الشَّمسِ وَالأَجرَامِ السَّمَاوِيَّةِ الأُخرَى، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Astrolabe : An instrument used to determine the altitude of the sun or other celestial bodies. It was introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. الأَسنَانُ الصِّنَاعِيَّةُ أَدَوَاتٌ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Artificial teeth : Devices introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. الأَشكَالُ ذَاتُ الأَبعَادِ الثُّلَاثِيَّةِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي إِيجَادِ الحُلُولِ لِمُعَادَلَاتِ الأَشكَالِ ذَاتِ الأَبعَادِ الثُّلَاثِيَّةِ Tri-linear figures : Muslim scientists contributed to the solution of tri-linear figures الأَصبَاغُ النَّبَاتِيَّةُ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Plant dyes : Introduced to the West by Muslims. الأَعدَادُ السَّلبِيَّةُ وَالرُّمُوزُ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي اِستِخدَامِ الأَعدَادِ السَّلبِيَّةِ وَالرُّمُوزِ Negative numbers and symbols : Muslim scientists contributed to the use of negative numbers and symbols. الأَعصَابُ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن وَضَعَ الوَصفَ التَّفصِيلِيَّ لِلأَعصَابِ فِي الأَحشَاءِ Nerve : Muslim scientists were the first to make an accurate description of nerve supply to the viscera. الأَفيُونُ عَقَارٌ شَدِيدُ التَّخدِيرِ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي الأَغرَاضِ الطِّبِّيَّةِ كَمُخَدِّرٍ Opium : A narcotic drug from the fruit of the poppy. It was developed as an anesthetic by Muslim scientists. الأَقرَبَاذِينُ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي إِنشَاءِ الأَقرَبَاذِين : دُستُورُ الصَّيدَلِيَّةِ أَو الأَدوِيَةِ Pharmacopoeias : Muslim scientists contributed to the production of the first pharmacopoeias. الأَقُونِيطُن جُذُورٌ سَامَّةٌ لِأَعشَابٍ مُعَمِّرَةٍ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Aconite, or monkshood : The dried poisonous roots of perennial herbs. It was developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. الأَورِدَةُ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن شَخَّصَ تَركِيبَ الأَورِدَةِ Veins : Muslim scientists were the first to make correct description of the anatomy of veins. الأَوعِيَةُ الدَّمَوِيَّةُ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن شَخَّصَ تَارِيخَ الأَوعِيَةِ الدَّمَوِيَّةِ Blood vessels : Muslim scientists were the first to make a correct description of history of blood vessels. الإِسفَانَاخ السَّبَانِخُ، نَبَاتٌ ذُو أَورَاقٍ غَضَّةٍ صَالِحَةٍ لِلأَكلِ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Spinach : A plant having succulent, edible leaves. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. الإِسهَالُ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي تَحدِيدِ الطَّبِيعَةِ الاِنتِقَالِيَّةِ لِلأَمرَاضِ الَّتِي يَكُونُ الإِسهَالُ أَحَدَ أَعرَاضِهَا Diarrhea : Muslim scientists contributed to the determination of the communicable nature of diseases of which diarrhea is a symptom. الاِضطِرَابَاتُ العَقلِيَّةُ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن عَالَجَ الاِضطِرَابَاتِ العَقلِيَّةَ بِالمَوَادِّ المُخَدِّرَةِ Psychoses : Muslim scientists were the first to treat psychoses with narcotics. البَثرَاتُ وَأَورَامُ الجِلدِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِاِستِخدَامِ الكَيِّ كَعِلَاجٍ لِلبَثرَاتِ وَأَورَامِ الجِلدِ Boils and skin tumors : Muslim scientists were the first to use cautery as a treatment for boils and skin tumors. البِلَّورُ مَعدِنٌ يَتَكَوَّنُ مِن تَركِيبٍ بِلَّورِيٍّ، وَهُوَ مِنَ المَوَادِّ الَّتِي أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Crystal : A mineral having a crystalline structure. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. البَندُولُ رَقَّاصُ السَّاعَةِ، ثُقلٌ مُعَلَّقٌ فِي دُعَامَةٍ ثَابِتَةٍ يَتَأَرجَحُ جَيئَةً وَذِهَابًا، وَهُوَ أَدَاةٌ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Pendulum : A weight suspended from a point so that it swings back and forth. It is one of the devices introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. البُورسِلِين مُقتَنَيَاتٌ تُصنَعُ مِنَ الخَزَفِ الأَبيَضِ الشَّفَّافِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Porcelain : Objects made of a hard, white, translucent ceramic, introduced to the West by Muslims. البُوصلَةُ أَدَاةٌ تُستَخدَمُ لِتَحدِيدِ الاِتِّجَاهَاتِ الجُغرَافِيَّةِ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Compass : A device used to determine geographic directions. It was first introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. التَّخدِيرُ أَحَدُ الدِّرَاسَاتِ وَالتَّطبِيقَاتِ الطِّبِّيَّةِ لِعَقَاقِيرِ التَّخدِيرِ، وَهُوَ مِن الفُرُوعِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Anesthesiology : The medical study and application of anesthetics, originated by Muslim scientists. التَّخدِيرُ عَن طَرِيقِ الاِستِنشَاقِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِاِستِخدَامِ التَّخدِيرِ عَن طَرِيقِ الاِستِنشَاقِ Inhalation anesthesia : Muslim scientists were the first to use inhalation anesthesia. التَّطعِيمُ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَ التَّطعِيمَ فِي عِلَاجِ الجُدَرِي Vaccination : Muslim scientists introduced vaccination as a treatment for smallpox. التَّقوِيمُ نَشرَةٌ تَصدُرُ سَنَوِيًّا تَحتَوِي عَلَى تَقوِيمٍ بِالنَّشَرَاتِ الجَوِّيَّةِ وَالمَعلُومَاتِ الفَلَكِيَّةِ وَجَدَاوِلَ المَدِّ وَالجَزرِ وَكَافَّةِ المَعلُومَاتِ الأُخرَى المَحسُوبَةِ بِوَاسِطَةِ الجَدَاوِلِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Almanac : An annual publication including calendars with weather forecasts, astronomical information, tide tables, and other related tabular information, introduced to the West by Muslims __________________ يتبع |
التَّمرُ الهِندِيُّ
مَادَّةٌ تُؤخَذُ مِن أَحَدِ الأَشجَارِ الاِستِوَائِيَّةِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Tamarind : A substance from a tropical tree. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. اِلتِهَابُ الأُذُنِ الوُسطَى كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِتَشخِيصٍ دَقِيقٍ لِاِلتِهَابِ الأُذُنِ الوُسطَى Otitis media : Muslim scientists made the first accurate diagnosis of otitis media (middle era infection). اِلتِهَابُ غُلَافِ القَلبِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِتَشخِيصٍ دَقِيقٍ لِاِلتِهَابِ غُلَافِ القَلبِ Pericarditis : Muslim scientists made the first accurate diagnosis of pericarditis. الجَبرُ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الرِّيَاضِيَّةِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Algebra : A mathematical science originated by Muslim scientists. الجُدَرِي أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي تَحدِيدِ الطَّبِيعَةِ الاِنتِقَالِيَّةِ لِلجُدَرِي كَمَا كَانُوا أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِتَشخِيصٍ دَقِيقٍ لَهُ Smallpox : Muslim scientists contributed to the determination of the communicable nature of smallpox. Also, they made the first accurate diagnosis of this fatal disease. الجُذَامُ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِكتَشَفَ أَنَّ الجُذَامَ مَرَضٌ عُضوِيٌّ Leprosy : Muslim scientists were the first to determine leprosy a solely physical disease. الجَذرُ التَّربِيعِيُّ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي تَطوِيرِ مَفهُومِ الجَذرِ التَّربِيعِيِّ Square roots : Muslim scientists contributed to the development of the concept of square roots. الجِرَاحَةُ فَرعٌ مِن فُرُوعِ الطِّبِّ يَدرُسُ تَشخِيصَ وَعِلَاجَ الجُرُوحِ وَالإِصَابَاتِ وَالأَمرَاضِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Surgery : The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of injury, deformity, and disease. It was originated by Muslim scientists. الجِرمُ السَّمَاوِيُّ لِلشَّمسِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي تَحدِيدِ الجِرمِ السَّمَاوِيِّ لِلشَّمسِ Solar parallax : Muslim scientists contributed to the determination of solar parallax الجُرُوحُ وَالإِصَابَاتُ قَدَّمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ بَحثٍ فِي الجُرُوحِ وَالإِصَابَاتِ Trauma : Muslim scientists wrote the first treatise on trauma surgery in patients. الجَلَبَةُ نَبَاتٌ لَهُ جُذُورٌ تُستَخدَمُ كَمُسَهِّلٍ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهَا فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Jalap : A plant whose roots are used as a cathartic. It was developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. الحِبَالُ الغَلِيظَةُ لِلاِستِخدَامِ فِي السُّفُنِ، أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Cables : For use in shipping, introduced to the West by Muslims. الحِبرُ صَبغَةٌ تُستَخدَمُ فِي الكِتَابَةِ وَالطِّبَاعَةِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Ink : A pigment used especially for writing or printing, introduced to the West by Muslims. الحَرِيرُ نَسِيجٌ رَقِيقٌ لَامِعٌ يُمكِنُ الحُصُولُ عَلَيهِ مِن يَرَقَاتِ دُودَةِ القَزِّ، وَقَد أَخَذَه الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Silk : A fine, shiny fiber produced by fibrous secretion of silkworms. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. الحَصبَةُ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي تَحدِيدِ الطَّبِيعَةِ الاِنتِقَالِيَّةِ لِلحَصبَةِ، كَمَا كَانُوا أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِتَشخِيصٍ دَقِيقٍ لَهَا Measles : Muslim scientists contributed to the determination of the communicable nature of measles. Also, they made the first accurate diagnosis of this disease. الحُقنَةُ الشَّرَجِيَّةُ حَقنُ المُستَقِيمِ عَن طَرِيقِ الشَّرَجِ لِغَسِيلِ الأَمعَاءِ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Enema : The injection of liquid into the rectum through the anus for cleansing the bowels. This medical procedure was introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. الحِنطَةُ السَّودَاءُ ثِمَارُ نَبَاتٍ حَولِيٍّ يَنبُتُ فِي آسيَا، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Buckwheat : The edible fruits of an annual Asian plant, introduced to the West by Muslims. الخَرِيِطَةُ تَصوِيرٌ - يَكُونُ فِي الغَالِبِ عَلَى سَطحٍ مُستَوٍ - لِمِنطَقَةٍ مَا عَلَى الأَرضِ أَو فِي السَّمَاءِ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Map : A representation, usually on a plane surface, of a region of the earth or heavens. It was first introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. الخَطُّ فَنُّ تَحسِينِ الخَطِّ اليَدَوِيِّ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَهُ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Calligraphy : The art of fine handwriting. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. الدَّرَنُ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي تَحدِيدِ الطَّبِيعَةِ الاِنتِقَالِيَّةِ لِلدَّرَنِ Tuberculosis : Muslim scientists contributed to the determination of the communicable nature of tuberculosis. الدُّرُوعُ الحَدِيدِيَّةُ (الخَفِيفَةُ) أَدَوَاتٌ حَربِيَّةٌ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Steel (light-weight) armor : Military defensive covering introduced to the West by Muslims. الدَّفَّةُ لَوحَةٌ تُثَبَّتُ فِي وَضعٍ رَأسِيٍّ فِي مُؤَخِّرَةِ السَّفِينَةِ لِتَوجِيهِ مَسَارِهَا، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Rudder : A vertically hinged plate mounted at the stern of a vessel for directing its course. It was first introduced to the West by Muslims. الدَّورَةُ الرِّئَوِيَّةُ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن شَخَّصَ الدَّورَةَ الرِّئَوِيَّةَ Pulmonary circulation : Muslim scientists were the first to make a correct description of pulmonary circulation. الدِّينَامِيكَا الحَرَارِيَّةُ عِلمُ الطَّبِيعَةِ الَّذِي يَعنَى بِالعَلَاقَاتِ بَينَ الحَرَارَةِ وَمَصَادِرِ الطَّاقَةِ الأُخرَى، وَهُوَ مِنَ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Thermodynamics : Physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy. It was advanced by Muslim scientists. الرَّاوَندُ عُشبٌ مِن الفَصِيلَةِ البَطبَاطِيَّةِ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي الأَغرَاضِ الطِّبِّيَّةِ Rhubarb : A herb developed for medical use by Muslim scientists. الرُّبعِيَّةُ أَدَاةٌ تُستَخدَمُ فِي الفَلَكِ وَالمِلَاحَةِ لِقِيَاسِ الاِرتِفَاعِ وَتَتَأَلَّفُ مِن قَوسٍ مُقَسَّمٍ إِلَى 90 دَرَجَةً، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Quadrant : An early instrument for measuring altitude of celestial bodies, consisting of a 90° graduated arch. It was first introduced to the West by Muslim scientist. الرَّمزُ الغَربِيُّ لِلصِّفرِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي اِختِرَاعِ الرَّمزِ الغَربِيِّ لِلصِّفرِ Western symbol for Zero : Muslim scientists contributed to the invention of the western symbol for Zero. الرُّمُوزُ فِي عَمَلِيَّاتِ الضَّربِ وَالجَمعِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي اِستِخدَامِ الرُّمُوزِ فِي عَمَلِيَّاتِ الضَّربِ وَالجَمعِ Symbols for multiplication and addition : Muslim scientists contributed to the use of symbols for multiplication and addition. الزُّجَاجُ المُلَوَّنُ مَادَّةٌ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Colored glass : A substance introduced to the West by Muslims. السَّاتَانُ نَسِيجٌ نَاعِمٌ لَامِعُ الظَّاهِرِ مُعتِمُ البَاطِنِ، وَقَد أَخَذَهُ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Satin : A smooth fabric woven with a glossy face and a dull back. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. السَّاعَةُ أَدَاةٌ تُستَخدَمُ فِي قِيَاسِ وَتَحدِيدِ الوَقتِ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Clock : An instrument for measuring and indicating time. It was first introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. السّجَّادُ فَرشٌ ثَخِينٌ تُغَطَّى بِهِ الأَرضِيَّاتُ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Carpets : A thick heavy covering for the floors, introduced to the West by Muslims. السُّدسِيَّةُ آلَةٌ مِلَاحِيَّةٌ تَتَكَوَّنُ مِن قَوسٍ مُدَرَّجٍ يَبلُغُ 60 دَرَجَةً، تُستَخدَمُ لِقِيَاسِ اِرتِفَاعِ الأَجرَامِ السَّمَاوِيَّةِ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Sextant : A navigational instrument containing a graduated 60-degree arc, used for measuring the altitudes of celestial bodies. It was first introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. السَّرجُ مَقعَدٌ جِلدِيٌّ يَستَقِرُّ عَلَيهِ رَاكِبُ الفَرَسِ أَو الدَّابَّةِ وَيُثَبَّتُ بِحِزَامٍ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Saddles : A leather seat for a rider, secured on an animal's back by a girth, introduced to the West by Muslims. السَّقَمُونيَا نَوعٌ مِنَ الجُذُورِ يُستَخدَمُ كَمُسَهِّلٍ، وَكَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي الأَغرَاضِ الطِّبِّيَّةِ وَنَقَلُوهُ لِلغَربِ Scammony : A root introduced for medical purposes to the West by Muslims. السُّكَّرُ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن وَصَفَ وُجُودَ السُّكَّرِ بِالدَّمِ Sugar : Muslim scientists were the first to describe the presence of sugar in blood. السُّمَاقُ مَادَّةٌ تُستَخدَمُ فِي الدِّبَاغَةِ وَالصِّبَاغَةِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Sumac : A substance used in tanning leather and dying. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. السِّمنَةُ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن لَاحَظَ أَنَّ زِيَادَةَ المَوَادِّ النَّشَوِيَّةِ يُسَبِّبُ السِّمنَةَ Obesity : Muslim scientists were the first to observe that excess consumption of dietary carbohydrates causes obesity. السَّيَلَانُ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي تَحدِيدِ الطَّبِيعَةِ الاِنتِقَالِيَّةِ لِلسَّيَلَانِ Gonorrhea : Muslim scientists contributed to the determination of the communicable nature of Gonorrhea. الشَّبَكِيَّةُ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن وَصَفَ طَبِيعَةَ وَتَشرِيحَ الشَّبَكِيَّةِ Retina : Muslim scientists made the first correct description of the anatomy and physiology of the retina. |
الشَّلَلُ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن عَرَفَ أَنَّ الشَّلَلَ يَنتُجُ عَن إِصَابَةِ جِذعِ المُخِّ أَو إِصَابَةِ العَمُودِ الفَقرِيِّ Paralysis : Muslim scientists were the first to describe paralysis as due to brain stem or spinal cord injury. الشَّوكَرَانُ نَبَاتٌ يُستَخرَجُ مِنهُ شَرَابٌ سَامٌّ يُستَخدَمُ فِي التَّخدِيرِ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Hemlock : A plant used as an anesthetic by Muslim scientists. الصَّابُونُ عَامِلٌ مُنَظِّفٌ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Soap : A cleansing agent introduced to the West by Muslims. الصِّحَّةُ العَامَّةُ عِلمٌ يَعنَى بِحِمَايَةِ وَتَحسِينِ الصِّحَّةِ العَامَّةِ فِي المُجتَمَعِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Public health : The science of protecting and improving the health of a community. It was originated by Muslim scientists. الضَّاغِطُ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِاِكتِشَافِ الضَّاغِطِ لِوَقفِ النَّزِيفِ Tourniquet : Muslim scientists invented tourniquets. الطَّاعُونُ الدُّبُلِي أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي تَحدِيدِ الطَّبِيعَةِ الاِنتِقَالِيَّةِ لِلطَّاعُونِ الدّبلي Bubonic plague : Muslim scientists contributed to the determination of communicable nature of the bubonic plague. الطِّبُّ البَيطَرِيُّ فَرعٌ مِن فُرُوعِ الطِّبِّ يَدرُسُ أَسبَابَ وَتَشخِيصَ وَعِلَاجَ الأَمرَاضِ وَالإِصَابَاتِ الَّتِي تَتَعَرَّضُ لَهَا الحَيَوَانَاتُ بِخَاصَّةٍ الأَلِيفَةُ مِنهَا، وَهُوَ مِن المَجَالَاتِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Veterinary medicine : The branch of medicine that deals with the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and injuries of animals, especially domestic animals. It was originated by Muslim scientists. الطِّبُّ الشَّرعِيُّ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن كَوَّنَ فَرِيقًا لِلطِّبِّ الشَّرعِيِّ Medical examiners : Muslim scientists established the first board of medical examiners. الطِّبُّ النَّفسِيُّ فَرعٌ مِن فُرُوعِ الطِّبِّ يَدرُسُ تَشخِيصَ وَعِلَاجَ الاِضطِرَابَاتِ العَقلِيَّةِ وَالوِجدَانِيَّةِ وَالوِقَايَةَ مِنهَا، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Psychiatry : The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental and emotional disorders. It was originated by Muslim scientists. الطِّبُّ الوِقَائِيُّ نَشَاطٌ طِبِّيٌّ يُرَكِّزُ عَلَى مَنعِ إِصَابَةِ الفَردِ وَالمُجتَمَعِ بِأَحَدِ الأَمرَاضِ العُضوِيَّةِ وَالعَقلِيَّةِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Preventive medicine : Medical practice that focuses on preventing physical or mental illness in the individual or the community. It was originated by Muslim scientists. العُثُّ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن عَلِمَ أَنَّ العُثَّ هُوَ المُسَبِّبُ لِمَرَضِ الجَرَبِ Mites : Muslim scientists were the first to recognize scabies as being caused by mites. العَدَدُ الأَصَمُّ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِكتَشَفَ العَدَدَ الأَصَمَّ Irrational numbers : Muslim scientists contributed to the introduction of irrational numbers. العَدَسَاتُ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Lenses : Introduced to the West by Muslims. العَصَبُ البَصَرِيُّ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن شَخَّصَ تَركِيبَ العَصَبِ البَصَرِيِّ Optic nerve : Muslim scientists were the first to make a correct description of the anatomy of the optic nerve. العِلَاجُ النَّفسِيُّ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَ طِبَّ العِلَاجِ النَّفسِيِّ Psychotherapy : Muslim scientists made the first use of psychotherapy. العُملَاتُ الوَرَقِيَّةُ عُملَاتٌ وَرَقِيَّةٌ تَصدُرُ عَنِ الحُكُومَةِ أَو أَحَدِ المَصَارِفِ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Paper money : Currency in the form of government notes and bank notes. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. العَمَلِيَّةُ القَيصَرِيَّةُ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِتَنظِيمِ اِستِخدَامِ العَمَلِيَّةِ القَيصَرِيَّةِ Caesarean section : Muslim scientists were the first to systematically perform caesarean sections. العَنبَرُ مَادَّةٌ شَمعِيَّةٌ تَتَكَوَّنُ فِي أَمعَاءِ حِيتَانِ العَنبَرِ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Ambergris : A waxy substance formed in the intestines of sperm whales. It was developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. العَينُ الخَارِجِيَّةُ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن حَدَّدَ عَدَدَ وَوَظِيفَةَ عَضَلَاتِ العَينِ الخَارِجِيَّةِ Extraocular : Muslim scientists made the first description of the number and specific function of extraocular muscles. الغَسِيلُ المَعَوِيُّ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِاِستِخدَامِ الغَسِيلِ المَعَوِيِّ فِي عِلَاجِ السُّمُومِ Gastric lavage : Muslim scientists were the first to use gastric lavage for the treatment of poisoning. الفِتَاقُ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِإِجرَاءِ عَمَلِيَّاتِ إِصلَاحِ الفِتَاقِ Hernia : Muslim scientists introduced surgery for hernia repair. الفَرَاولَةُ مِن الثِّمَارِ الَّتِي أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Strawberry : Fruit that consists of a red, fleshy, edible receptacle, introduced to the West by Muslims. الفِرجَارُ أَدَاةٌ ذَاتُ ذِرَاعَينِ مَفصَلِيَّينِ تُستَخدَمُ لِرَسمِ الدَّوَائِرِ وَالأَقوَاسِ الدَّائِرِيَّةِ وَكَذَلِكَ لِلقِيَاسِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Compass : A V-shaped device for describing circles or circular arcs and for taking measurements. It was introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. الفُسَيفِسَاءُ صُورَةٌ أَو تَصمِيمٌ زُخرُفِيٌّ يَتَشَكَّلُ مِن وَضعِ قِطَعٍ مُلَوَّنَةٍ صَغِيرَةِ الحَجمِ مِنَ الأَحجَارِ أَو الآجُرِّ عَلَى سَطحٍ مَا، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Mosaic : A picture or decorative design made by setting small colored pieces, as of stone or tile, into a surface. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. الفِصَادُ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِاِستِخدَامِ الفِصَادِ (شَقُّ الوَرِيدِ) كَطَرِيقَةٍ لِعِلَاجِ نَزِيفِ المُخِّ phlebotomy : Muslim scientists invented a technique for phlebotomy for stopping cerebral hemorrhage. الفُلفُلُ مَادَّةٌ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Pepper : A spice introduced to the West by Muslims. القَارُورَةُ إِنَاءٌ صَغِيرٌ كَالقِنِّينَةِ لَهُ رَقَبَةٌ صَغِيرَةٌ وَغِطَاءٌ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Flask : A small container, such as a bottle, having a narrow neck and usually a cap. It was first introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. القَاطِعُ خَطٌّ يَقطَعُ قَوسًا، اِكتَشَفَهُ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ وَنَقَلُوهُ لِلغَربِ Secant : A straight line intersecting a curve at two or more points, introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. القَاوُونُ شَمَّامٌ أَو بِطِّيخٌ أَصفَرُ ذُو قِشرَةٍ صَلبَةٍ وَلُبٍّ غَضٍّ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Melon : A fruit having a hard rind and juicy flesh. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. القِبَابُ أُسلُوبٌ مِعمَارِيٌّ فِي شَكلِ سَطحٍ أَو قَنطَرَةٍ نِصفِ دَائِرِيَّةٍ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Domes : A structural design in the shape of a hemispherical roof or vault, introduced to the West by Muslims. القُبَّةُ السَّمَاوِيَّةُ كُرَةٌ مِن وَحيِ الخَيَالِ لَا حُدُودَ لَهَا، الأَرضُ مَركَزُهَا وَالنُّجُومُ وَالكَوَاكِبُ وَالأَجرَامُ السَّمَاوِيَّةُ الأُخرَى تَظهَرُ عَلَيهَا، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن بَدَأَ هَذِهِ الفِكرَةَ وَنَقَلُوهَا لِلغَربِ Celestial sphere : An imaginary sphere of infinite extent with the earth at its center on which the stars, planets, and other heavenly bodies appear to be located. The concept was introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. القِرفَةُ مَادَّةٌ طَيِّبَةُ الرَّائِحَةِ تُتَّخَذُ مِن لِحَاءِ بَعضِ الأَشجَارِ، وَقَد أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Cinnamon : The dried aromatic inner bark of certain trees. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. القَسطَرَةُ البَولِيَّةُ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِاِستِخدَامِ القَسطَرَةِ البَولِيَّةِ Urinary catheters : Muslim scientists invented urinary catheters. القُطنُ نَسِيجٌ أَبيَضُ اللَّونِ نَاعِمُ المَلمَسِ، وَهُوَ مِنَ المَوَادِّ الَّتِي أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Cotton : Soft, white, downy fibers, introduced to the West by Muslims. القَنطَرَةُ المُضَلَّعَةُ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Ribbed vault : An architectural structure introduced to the West by Muslims. الكَافُورُ مُرَكَّبٌ بِلَّورِيٌّ قَوِيُّ الرَّائِحَةِ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Camphor : An aromatic crystalline compound. It was developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. الكَبرِيتُ عُنصُرٌ لَا فِلِزِّيُّ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Sulfur : A nonmetallic element. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. الكَبرِيتُ العُضوِيُّ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِمُعَالَجَةِ الجَرَبِ بِالكَبرِيتِ العُضوِيِّ Organic sulfur : Muslim scientists were the first to treat scabies with organic sulfur. الكَتَّانُ خُيُوطٌ تُصنَعُ مِن نَسِيجِ نَبَاتِ الكَتَّانِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Linen : Thread made from fibers of the flax plant, introduced as a cloth to the West by Muslims. الكُحُولُّ سَائِلٌ عَدِيمُ اللَّونِ طَيَّارٌ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Alcohol : A colorless, volatile liquid. It was developed as an antiseptic by Muslim scientists. __________________ |
الكُرَةُ الجُغرَافِيَّةُ
جِسمٌ كُرَوِيٌّ يُصَوِّرُ الأَرضَ عَلَى شَكلِ كُرَةٍ جَوفَاءَ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Globe : A body with the shape of a sphere representing the earth in the form of a hollow ball, introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. الكَمُّونُ نَبَاتٌ عُشبِيٌّ تُستَخدمُ بُذُورُهُ فِي الطَّهيِ وَالطِّبِّ، كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهَا فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Cumin : A herb whose seeds are used in cooking and were developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. الكُولِيرَا أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي تَحدِيدِ الطَّبِيعَةِ الاِنتِقَالِيَّةِ لِلكُولِيرَا Cholera : Muslim scientists contributed to the determination of the communicable nature of cholera. الكَيُّ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَ الكَيَّ لِعِلَاجِ التَّجَلُّطِ Cautery : Muslim scientists were the first to use cautery for wound coagulation. الكِيرُوسِين زَيتٌ رَقِيقٌ يُستَخرَجُ مِن زَيتِ البِترُولِ أَو الزَّيتِ الحَجَرِيِّ، وهو مما أَخَذ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Kerosene : A thin oil distilled from petroleum or shale oil. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. اللَّدغُ السَّامُّ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِعِلَاجِ اللَّدغِ السَّامِّ بِخُلَاصَةِ الثُّومِ Venomous bites : Muslim scientists were the first to treat venomous bites with garlic extract. اللَّوزَتَينِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِإِجرَاءِ عَمَلِيَّاتِ اِستِئصَالِ اللَّوزَتَينِ Tonsillectomy : Muslim scientists were the first to perform tonsillectomies. اللَّيمُونُ ثِمَارٌ تَتَضَمَّنُ البُرتُقَالَ وَالأُترُجَ وَاللَّيمُونَ وَاللَّيمُونَ الحَامِضَ وَالبُرتُقَالَ الذَهَبِيَّ، وَجَمِيعُهَا مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Citrus fruit : Edible fruits including the orange, grapefruit, lemon, lime, and kumquat, introduced to the West by Muslims. المَبَادِئُ الطِّبِّيَّةُ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Medical ethics : A concept originated by Muslim scientists. المُخمَلُ القَطِيفَةُ، أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Velvet : A fabric introduced to the West by Muslims. المَدَارِسُ الطِّبِّيَّةُ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن أَنشَأَ المَدَارِسَ الطِّبِّيَّةَ Medical schools : Muslim scientists were the first to establish medical schools. المُرُّ صَمغٌ رَاتَنجِيٌّ يُستَخرَجُ مِن لِحَاءِ بَعضِ الأَشجَارِ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي الأَغرَاضِ الطِّبِّيَّةِ Myrrh : An aromatic gum obtained from the trunk of several trees. It was developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. المِرآةُ سَطحٌ عَاكِسٌ لِصُوَرِ الأَشيَاءِ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الأَدَوَاتِ الَّتِي أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Glass mirror : A surface capable of reflecting images of objects placed in front of it. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. المَركَبُ الشِّرَاعِيُّ أَخَذَهُ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Lateen sail : A triangular-shaped sail introduced to the West by Muslims. المَسَافَةُ بَينَ القَمَرِ وَالأَرضِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي حِسَابِ المَسَافَةِ بَينَ القَمَرِ وَالأَرضِ Distance between moon and earth : Muslim scientists contributed to the calculation of distance between moon and earth المُستَشفَيَاتُ الحَدِيثَةُ كَانَ لِلمُسلِمِينَ الفَضلُ فِي إِنشَاءِ الطِّرَازِ البِدَائِيِّ لِلمُستَشفَيَاتِ وَالَّذِي عَلَى أَسَاسِهِ أُنشِئَت المُستَشفَيَاتُ الحَدِيثَةُ Modern Hospitals : Muslim scientists contributed to the design and operation of the prototypes of modern hospitals. المِسطَرَةُ قِطعَةٌ مُستَقِيمَةٌ مِنَ الخَشَبِ أَو المَعدِنِ تُستَخدَمُ فِي رَسمِ الخُطُوطِ المُستَقِيمَةِ وَقِيَاسِ الأَطوَالِ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Ruler : A straight-edged strip, as of wood or metal, for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths. It was first introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. المِسمَاكُ أَدَاةٌ لِقِيَاسِ سُمكِ الشَّيءِ وَثَخَانَتِهِ، وَكَذَا لِقِيَاسِ المَسَافَاتِ، أَخَذَهُ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Calipers : An instrument consisting essentially of two curved hinged legs, used to measure thickness and distances. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. المَشَارِطُ الطِّبِّيَّةُ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِختَرَعَ المَشَارِطَ الطِّبِّيَّةَ وَأَدَوَاتِ فَتحِ الجُرحِ وَالمَنَاشِيرَ الطِّبِّيَّةَ Surgical knives : Muslim scientists invented specialized surgical knives, retractors and saws. المَضرَبُ أَدَاةٌ تَتَكَوَّنُ مِن إِطَارٍ بَيضَاوِيٍّ بِهِ شَبَكَةٌ وَمَقبَضٌ، وَقَد أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Racket : A device consisting of an oval frame with a tight interlaced network of strings and a handle. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. المُطَهِّرَاتُ المَوضِعِيَّةُ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَ المُطَهِّرَاتِ المَوضِعِيَّةِ Topical antiseptics : Muslim scientists were the first to use topical antiseptics. المُعَادَلَاتُ التَّربِيعِيَّةُ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي إِيجَادِ الحُلُولِ لِلمُعَادَلَاتِ التَّربِيعِيَّةِ Quadratic equations : Muslim scientists contributed to the solution of quadratic equations. المُعَادَلَاتُ السُّدَاسِيَّةُ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي إِيجَادِ الحُلُولِ لِلمُعَادَلَاتِ السُّدَاسِيَّةِ Solution of Cubic equations : Muslim scientists contributed to the solution of cubic equations. المَلَابِسُ القُطنِيَّةُ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Cotton clothing : Introduced to the West by Muslims. المَنجَنِيقُ آلَةٌ حَربِيَّةٌ كَانَت تُستَخدَمُ لِإِلقَاءِ القَذَائِفِ كَالأَحجَارِ الكَبِيرَةِ الحَجمِ وَالرِّمَاحِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Catapult : A military machine for hurling missiles, such as large stones or spears. It was first introduced to the West by Muslims. المِندِيلُ قِطعَةٌ صَغِيرَةٌ مُرَبَّعَةٌ مِنَ القُمَاشِ تُستَعمَلُ لِمَسحِ الأَنفِ وَالفَمِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Handkerchief : A small square of cloth used especially for wiping the nose or mouth. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. المِنفَاخُ أَدَاةٌ تُستَخدَمُ لِتَولِيدِ تَيَّارٍ قَوِيٍّ مِنَ الهَوَاءِ، وَقَد أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Bellows : An apparatus for producing a strong current of air. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. المِنقَلَةُ أَدَاةٌ نِصفُ دَائِرِيَّةٍ لِرَسمِ وَقِيَاسِ الزَّوَايَا، أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Protractor : A semicircular instrument for measuring and constructing angles, introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. المَوزُ مِنَ الفَاكِهَةِ الَّتِي أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Banana : The long, edible fruit, having a thick yellowish to reddish skin and white, aromatic, seedless pulp, introduced to the West by Muslims. المَوسُوعَةُ مَرجِعٌ شَامِلٌ يَحتَوِي عَلَى مَقَالَاتٍ تُغَطِّي نَوَاحٍ شَتَّى مِن المَوضُوعَاتِ وَالمَجَالَاتِ، مُرَتَّبَةٌ تَرتِيبًا أَبجَدِيًّا فِي الغَالِبِ الأَعَمِّ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Encyclopedia : A comprehensive reference work containing articles on a wide range of subjects or on numerous aspects of a particular field, usually arranged alphabetically, introduced to the West by Muslims. المُوصلِين نَسِيجٌ قُطنِيٌّ رَقِيقٌ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Muslin : A sturdy cotton fabric of plain weave. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. المِيَاهُ البَيضَاءُ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِاِستِخدَامِ مِحقَنَةٍ تَحتَ الجِلدِ لِشَفطِ وَإِزَالَةِ المَيَاهِ البَيضَاءِ الَّتِي تَحتَ العَينِ Cataracts : Muslim scientists were the first to use hypodermic needles for the removal of cataracts by suction. المَيعَةُ صَمغٌ عِطرِيٌّ يُستَخدَمُ فِي الطِّبِّ وَفِي صِنَاعَةِ العُطُورِ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Benzoin : A balsamic resin obtained from certain tropical Asian trees of the genus Styrax. It was developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. المِيقَتُ أَدَاةٌ لِقِيَاسِ الزَّمَنِ بِدِقَّةٍ بَالِغَةٍ، أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Chronometer : An exceptionally precise timepiece. It was first introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. المِيكَانِيكَا أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Mechanics : The physical science originated by Muslim scientists. النَّظَّارَاتُ الطِّبِّيَّةُ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Eye glasses : Introduced to the West by Muslims. الهَاوَنُ عِبَارَةٌ عَن عَصَا تُشبِهُ المَضرَبَ تُستَخدَمُ لِسَحقِ أَو هَرسِ المَوَادِّ فِي إِنَاءٍ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Mortar and pestle : A club-shaped, hand-held tool for grinding or mashing substances in a mortar. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. الهِليُون أَخَذَهُ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Asparagus : Introduced to the West by Muslims. الهَندَسَةُ عِلمٌ يَعنَى بِتَطبِيقِ المَبَادِئِ العِلمِيَّةِ وَالنَّظَرِيَّةِ لِلوُصُولِ إِلَى غَايَاتٍ عَمَلِيَّةٍ، وَهُوَ مِن العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Engineering : The application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends. It was advanced by Muslim scientists. بُذُورُ الخَسِّ وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهَا فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Lettuce seed : Developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. __________________ |
بَرجَلٌ بِذِرَاعٍ مُتَحَرِّكٍ
أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي إِنتَاجِ أَوَّلِ بَرجَلٍ بِذِرَاعٍ مُتَحَرِّكٍ A compass with movable arm : Muslim scientists contributed to the production of the first compass with movable arm. تَجلِيدُ الكُتُبِ أَخَذَهُ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Bookbinding : The process of enclosing and fastening of books between covers. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. تَحدِيدُ السَّنَةِ الشَّمسِيَّةِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي وَضعِ تَحدِيدٍ رِيَاضِيٍّ دَقِيقٍ لِمُدَّةِ السَّنَةِ الشَّمسِيَّةِ Determination of duration of the calendar year : Muslim scientists contributed to the precise determination of duration of the calendar year. تَحدِيدُ مَوَاقِعِ النُّجُومِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي وَضعِ تَحدِيدٍ رِيَاضِيٍّ دَقِيقٍ لِمَوَاقِعِ النُّجُومِ Determination of the stars' positions : Muslim scientists contributed to the precise mathematical determination of the stars' positions. تَربِيَةُ دُودِ القَزِّ عَمَلِيَّةٌ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Silk cultivation : A process introduced to the West by Muslims. تَركِيبُ الأَدوِيَةِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي تَركِيبِ الأَدوِيَةِ Synthesis of drugs : Muslim scientists contributed to the synthesis of drugs. تَشرِيحٌ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَدَّمَ وَصفًا تَفصِيلِيًّا لِتَشرِيحِ الكَبِدِ وَالطِّحَالِ وَالكُلَى وَالبِنكِريَاسِ وَالأَمعَاءِ وَالمَعِدَةِ، كَمَا كَانُوا أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَ تَشرِيحَ جِسمِ الإِنسَانِ لِأَغرَاضٍ تَعلِيمِيَّةٍ. Anatomy : Muslim scientists were the first to make a detailed description of the anatomy of the liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, intestines and stomach. Also, they made the first systematic use of human dissection for the study of medical anatomy. تَضمِيدُ الجُرُوحِ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَ القُطنَ فِي تَضمِيدِ الجُرُوحِ Wounds dressings : Muslim scientists made the first use of cotton for dressings wounds. تَعشِيقُ المَعَادِنِ عَمَلِيَّةٌ زُخرُفِيَّةٌ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Metal inlay : A decorative process introduced to the West by Muslims. جَدَاوِلُ اللُّوغَارِيتمَاتِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي وَضعِ جَدَاوِلَ اللُّوغَارِيتمَاتِ Logarithms and logarithmic tables : Muslim scientists contributed to the production of logarithms and logarithmic tables. جَلسَةُ القُرفِصَاءِ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَحدَثَ جَلسَةَ القُرفِصَاءِ أَثنَاءَ الوِلَادَةِ Squatting posture : Muslim scientists introduced the squatting position for obstetrical delivery. جَوزَةُ الطِّيبِ بُذُورُ أَحَدِ الأَشجَارِ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهَا فِي الأَغرَاضِ الطِّبِّيَّةِ Nutmeg : A seed from a tree, developed for medical purposes by Muslim scientists. جِيبُ الزَّاوِيَةِ وَالتَّمَامِ وَالمَسَاسِ وَظِلُّ التَّمَامِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي حِسَابِ جَدَاوِلِ جِيبِ الزَّاوِيَةِ وَالتَّمَامِ وَالمَسَاسِ وَظِلِّ التَّمَامِ Sine, cosine, tangent, and cotangent : Muslim scientists contributed to the calculation of tables of sine, cosine, tangent, and cotangent. جِيبُ الزَّاوِيَةِ وَجِيبُ التَّمَامِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِكتَشَفَ جِيبُ الزَّاوِيَةِ وَجِيبُ التَّمَامِ Sine and cosine : Muslim scientists contributed to the introduction of sine and cosine. حَبُّ العَرُوسِ نَبَاتٌ تُجَفَّفُ ثِمَارُهُ وَيُستَخدَمُ فِي مُعَالَجَةِ الاِضطِرَابِ الشُّعَبِيِّ وَالبَولِيِّ، كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهَا فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Cubeb : A plant whose dried fruits were developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists to cure bronchitis and urinary disorders. حِسَابُ التَّفَاضُلِ وَالتَّكَامُلِ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Calculus : A branch of mathematics advanced by Muslim scientists. حَصَوَاتُ المَثَانَةِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِإِجرَاءِ عَمَلِيَّاتِ اِستِخرَاجِ حَصَوَاتِ المَثَانَةِ Bladder stones : Muslim scientists were the first to perform the surgical removal of bladder stones. حَمَّامَاتُ المِيَاهِ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَ حَمَّامَاتِ المِيَاهِ لِلمُعَالَجَةِ مِن الحُمَّى الشَّدِيدَةِ Water baths : Muslim scientists were the first to use water baths for the treatment of severe fevers. حِمضُ الخَلِّيكِ أَحَدُ الأَحمَاضِ العُضوِيَّةِ، ذُو رَائِحَةٍ نَفَّاذَةٍ، عَدِيمُ اللَّونِ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Acetic acid : A clear, colorless organic acid. Muslim scientists contributed to its development as a medicine. حِمضُ الكَبرِيتِيكِ سَائِلٌ زَيتِيٌّ كَثِيفٌ حَاتٌّ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Sulfuric acid : A highly corrosive, dense, oily liquid. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. حِمضُ النِّيترِيكِ سَائِلٌ شَفَّافٌ دَاخِنٌ حَاتٌّ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Nitric acid : A transparent fuming corrosive liquid. It was introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. خَافِضُ اللِّسَانِ أَدَاةٌ تُستَخدَمُ لِخَفضِ اللِّسَانِ أَثنَاءَ القِيَامِ بِفَحصٍ طِبِّيٍّ لِلفَمِ أَو الحَلقِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا اِستَحدَثَهُ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Tongue depressor : A thin blade for pressing down the tongue during a medical examination of the mouth and throat. It was invented by Muslim scientists. خُرَّاجٌ فِي المَنصَفِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَام بِتَشخِيصٍ دَقِيقٍ لِخُرَّاجٍ فِي المَنصَفِ (الجُزءُ المُشتَمِلُ عَلَى كُلِّ مَا فِي الصَّدرِ مَا عَدَا الرِّئَتَينِ) Mediastinal abscesses : Muslim scientists made the first accurate diagnosis of mediastinal abscesses. خُسُوفُ القَمَرِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي التَّنَبُّؤِ بِخُسُوفِ القَمَرِ Lunar eclipses : Muslim scientists contributed to the prediction of lunar eclipses. خَشَبُ الصَّندَلِ أَخشَابٌ هِندِيَّةٌ نَقَلَهَا المُسلِمُونَ إِلَى الغَربِ Sandalwood : A wood from India, introduced to the West by Muslims. خُطُوطُ الطُّولِ وَالعَرضِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي تَحدِيدِ خُطُوطِ الطُّولِ وَالعَرضِ Latitudes and longitudes : Muslim scientists contributed to the rectification of latitudes and longitudes. خُلَاصَةُ اليَاسمِينِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهَا فِي أَغرَاض التَّدَاوِي Jasmine extract : A plant extract developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. خُلَاصَةُ قِشرِ اللَّيمُونِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Lemon peel extract : Developed for medical purposes by Muslim scientists. خُلَاصَةُ نَبَاتِ التِّينِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَ خُلَاصَةَ التِّينِ فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Fig extract : A plant extract developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. خِيَاطَةُ الجُرُوحِ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَ الحَرِيرَ وَالصُّوفَ لِخِيَاطَةِ الجُرُوحِ Wound closure : Muslim scientists were the first to use silk and wool sutures for wound closure. خُيُوطُ جِرَاحَةٍ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِتَحدِيثِ خيُوطِ جِرَاحَةٍ مَصنُوعَةٍ مِن أَمعَاءِ الحَيَوَانَاتِ (الوَتَرِيَّاتُ) Suture : Muslim scientists were the first to perfect suture made from animal intestines (catgut). دَرَجَةُ اِنحِرَافِ الشَّمسِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي تَحدِيدِ دَرَجَةِ اِنحِرَافِ الشَّمسِ Obliquity of the ecliptic : Muslim scientists contributed to the determination of the obliquity of the ecliptic. دَرَنُ الأَمعَاءِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِتَشخِيصٍ دَقِيقٍ لِدَرَنِ الأَمعَاءِ Intestinal tuberculosis : Muslim scientists made the first accurate diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis. رَقَائِقُ الخَزَفِ مَوَادٌّ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Ceramic tiles : Floor and wall covering introduced to the West by Muslims. زَنجَبِيل نَبَاتٌ ذُو جُذُورٍ طَيِّبَةِ الرَّائِحَةِ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Ginger : A plant of sweet-smelling root. It was developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. زُوَان يُستَخدَمُ فِي التَّخدِيرِ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ كَمُخَدِّرٍ Darnel : A long-day plant that was developed as an anesthetic by Muslim scientists. زَيتُ نَبَاتِ الخُزَامَى وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Lavender oil : An oil from flowers developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. زُيُوتُ المِسكِ مَادَّةٌ تُستَخرَجُ مِن غُدَدِ بَعضِ الحَيَوَانَاتِ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهَا فِي الأَغرَاضِ الطِّبِّيَّةِ Musk oils : A substance derived from animal glands, developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. سَائِلُ زَهرَةِ البُرتُقَالِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Orange blossom water : Developed for medical use by Muslim scientists. سَبِيكَةُ اللِّحَامِ سَبِيكَةٌ تَكُونُ فِي الغَالِبِ مِنَ القَصدِيرِ أَو الرَّصَاصِ، تُستَخدَمُ فِي لِحَامِ الأَجزَاءِ المَعدِنِيَّةِ بَعضُهَا بِبَعضٍ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Solder : Any of various fusible alloys, usually tin and lead, used to join metallic parts, introduced to the West by Muslims. __________________ |
سَحقُ حَصَوَاتِ المَثَانَةِ
كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِاختِرَاعِ وَسِيلَةٍ لِسَحقِ حَصَوَاتِ المَثَانَةِ لِإِزَالَتِهَا Lithotrity : Muslim scientists developed lithotrity, a surgical procedure for crushing bladder stones for removal. سَرَطَانُ الأَحشَاءِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِتَشخِيصٍ دَقِيقٍ لِسَرَطَانِ الأَحشَاءِ Colon cancer : Muslim scientists made the first accurate diagnosis of colon cancer. سَرَطَانُ المَرِّيءِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِتَشخِيصٍ دَقِيقٍ لِسَرَطَانِ المَرِيءِ Esophageal cancer : Muslim scientists made the first accurate diagnosis of esophageal cancer. سَرَطَانٌ وِرَاثِيٌّ فِي الفَمِ وَقَنطَرَةِ الأَسنَانِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِتَشخِيصٍ دَقِيقٍ لِسَرَطَانٍ وِرَاثِيٍّ فِي الفَمِ وَقَنطَرَةِ الأَسنَانِ Genetic deformities of mouth and dental arches : Muslim scientists made the first accurate diagnosis of genetic deformities of mouth and dental arches شَرَابٌ مُرَكَّزٌ مِن العَسَلِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Honey-based syrups : Developed for use as a medicine by Muslim scientists. شَلَلُ البُلعُومِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قامَ بِتَشخِيصٍ دَقِيقٍ لِشَلَلِ البُلعُومِ Pharyngeal paralysis : Muslim scientists made the first accurate diagnosis of pharyngeal paralysis. صِمَامَاتُ القَلبِ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن شَخَّصَ وَظِيفَةَ صِمَامَاتِ القَلبِ Heart valves : Muslim scientists were the first to make a correct description of the function of heart valves. صَيدَلِيَّةٌ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي إِنشَاءِ أَوَّلِ صَيدَلِيَّةٍ Pharmacy : Muslim scientists contributed to the creation of the first pharmacy. ضِمَادَاتُ الشَّاشِ أَخَذَهَا الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Gauze dressings : Introduced to the West by Muslims. ط2 (ط تَربِيع) أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي حِسَابِ ط2 (ط تَربِيع) Pi squared : Muslim scientists contributed to the calculation of pi squared. طَاحُونَةُ الهَوَاءِ آلَةٌ تُدَارُ بِالطَّاقَةِ المُتَوَلِّدَةِ مِن عَجَلَةٍ ذَاتِ أَطرَاف تُحَرِّكُهَا الرِّيَاحُ، وَهِي مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Windmill : A machine that runs on the energy generated by a wheel of adjustable blades or slats rotated by the wind. It was first introduced to the West by Muslim scientists. طِبُّ الأَطفَالِ فَرعٌ مِن فُرُوعِ الطِّبِّ يَدرُسُ العِنَايَةَ بِالأَطفَالِ وَمُعَالَجَةِ الأَمرَاضِ الَّتِي قَد تُصِيبُهُم، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Pediatrics : The branch of medicine that deals with the care of infants and children and the treatment of their diseases. It was originated by Muslim scientists. طِبُّ الرِّئَتَينِ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Pulmonary Medicine : A medical science originated by Muslim scientists. طِبُّ العُيُونِ فَرعٌ مِن فُرُوعِ الطِّبِّ يَدرُسُ تَشرِيحَ وَوَظَائِفَ العَينِ وَالأَمرَاضَ الَّتِي تُصِيبُهَا وَالعِلَاجَ مِنهَا، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Ophthalmology : The branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, functions, pathology, and treatment of the eye. It was originated by Muslim scientists. طَبلَةُ الأُذُنِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِإِجرَاءِ عَمَلِيَّاتِ شَقِّ طَبلَةِ الأُذُنِ Ear drum : Muslim scientists were the first to perform surgery by lancing the ear drum. عِلَاجُ السُّمُومِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِاِستِخدَامِ دَوَاءٍ مُقَيِّئٍ وَمُسَهِّلٍ لِلأَمعَاءِ لِعِلَاجِ السُّمُومِ Treatment of poisoning : Muslim scientists were the first to use emetics and laxatives for the treatment of poisoning. عِلمُ أَمرَاضِ المَعِدَةِ وَالأَمعَاءِ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Gastroenterology : The study of the diseases of stomach and intestines, originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ أَمرَاضِ النِّسَاءِ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Gynecology : The medical science originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ أَو فَنُّ رَسمِ الخَرَائِطِ فَنُّ أَو تَقنِيَةُ عَمَلِ الخَرَائِطِ أَو الرُّسُومِ البَيَانِيَّةِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Cartography : The art or technique of making maps or charts, originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الأَجِنَّةِ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Embryology : The science that deals with the origin, structure and development of the embryo, originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الأَحيَاءِ عِلمٌ يَدرُسُ الحَيَاةَ وَالكَائِنَاتِ الحَيَّةَ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Biology : The science of life and of living organisms. It was originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الأَرصَادِ الجَوِّيَّةِ عِلمٌ يَدرُسُ الظَّوَاهِرَ الجَوِّيَّةَ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Meteorology : The science that treats atmospheric phenomena, originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الأَمرَاضِ دِرَاسَةٌ عِلمِيَّةٌ تَعنَى بِطَبِيعَةِ الأَمرَاضِ وَأَسبَابِهَا وَمَرَاحِلِهَا وَنَتَائِجِهَا، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Pathology : The scientific study of the nature of diseases and their causes, processes, development, and consequences. It was originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الأَمرَاضِ البَاطِنَيةِ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Internal diseases : The medical science originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الأَمرَاضِ الجِلدِيَّةِ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Dermatology : The branch of medical science related to the skin, originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الأَنثَرُوبُولُوجيَا الوَصفِيَّةِ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Ethnology : The study of racial and ethnic groups, originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الاِجتِمَاعِ عِلمٌ يَدرُسُ السُّلُوكَ الاِجتِمَاعِيَّ لَدَى الإِنسَانِ، وَهُوَ مِن العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Sociology : The study of human social behavior. It was originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ البَصرِيَّاتِ فَرعٌ مِن فُرُوعِ الفِيزيَاءِ يَدرُسُ الضَّوءَ وَالرُّؤيَةَ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Optics : The branch of physics that deals with light and vision. It was originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ التَّصنِيفِ عِلمٌ يَعنَى بِتَصنِيفِ الكَائِنَاتِ الحَيَّةِ وَفقَ نِظَامٍ مُرَتَّبٍ يُوَضِّحُ العَلَاقَاتِ الطَّبِيعِيَّةَ بَينَهَا، وَهُوَ مِنَ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Taxonomy : The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships. It was advanced by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ التَّولِيدِ عِلمٌ يَدرُسُ العِنَايَةَ بِالمَرأَةِ خِلَالَ فَترَةِ الحَملِ وَالوِلَادَةِ وَفَترَةِ التَّعَافِي، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Obstetrics : The branch of medicine that deals with the care of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the recuperative period following delivery. It was originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الجُغرَافيَا أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Geography : The science that describes the surface of the earth, originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الحَيَوَانِ فَرعٌ مِن فُرُوعِ عِلمِ الأَحيَاءِ يَدرُسُ الحَيَوَانَ وَالحَيَاةَ الحَيَوَانِيَّةَ، وَهُوَ مِن المَجَالَاتِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Zoology : The branch of biology that deals with animals and animal life. It was originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ السُّمُومِ دِرَاسَةٌ تَعنَى بِطَبِيعَةِ وَآثَارِ وَكَشفِ السُّمُومِ وَكَيفِيَّةِ مُعَالَجَةِ حَالَاتِ التَّسَمُّمِ، وَهُوَ مِنَ المَجَالَاتِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Toxicology : The study of the nature, effects, and detection of poisons and the treatment of poisoning. It was originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الصَّوتِ دِرَاسَةٌ عِلمِيَّةٌ تَعنَى بِالصَّوتِ وَتَوَلُّدِهِ وَاِنتِقَالِهِ وَتَلَقِّيهِ، وَهُوَ مِن العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Acoustics : The scientific study of sound, its generation, transmission, and reception. It was advanced by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الطُّفَيلِيَّاتِ دِرَاسَةٌ عِلمِيَّةٌ تَعنَى بِالطُّفَيلِيَّاتِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Parasitology : The scientific study of parasitism. It was originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ العَقَاقِيرِ عِلمٌ يَدرُسُ العَقَاقِيرَ وَتَركِيبَهَا وَاِستِخدَامَاتِهَا وَتَأثِيرَهَا، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Pharmacology : The science of drugs, including their composition, uses, and effects. It was originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الفَلَكِ دِرَاسَةٌ عِلمِيَّةٌ تَعنَى بِالمَادَّةِ فِي الفَضَاءِ الخَارِجِيِّ، وَهُوَ مِن العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Astronomy : The scientific study of matter in outer space. It was advanced by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الفِيزيَاءِ عِلمٌ يَعنَى بِالمَادَّةِ وَالطَّاقَةِ وَالتَّفَاعُلَاتِ النَّاشِئَةِ بَينَهُمَا، وَهُوَ مِن العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Physics : The science of matter and energy and of interactions between the two. It was advanced by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الكَائِنَاتِ الحَيَّةِ وَبِيئَتُهَا أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Ecology : The study of organisms in relation to their environment, originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الكِيميَاءِ عِلمٌ يَدرُسُ تَركِيبَ وَبِنيَةَ وَخَصَائِصَ وَتَفَاعُلَاتِ المَادَّةِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Chemistry : The science of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter, originated by Muslim scientists. __________________ |
عِلمُ الكِيميَاءِ الكَهرَبِيَّةِ
عِلمٌ يَعنَى بِالتَّفَاعُلِ أَوالتَّحَوُّلِ المُتَبَادَلِ بَينَ الظَّوَاهِرِ الكَهرَبِيَّةِ وَالكِيميَائِيَّةِ، وَهُوَ مِنَ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Electrochemistry : The science of the interaction or interconversion of electric and chemical phenomena. It was advanced by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ المُثَلَّثَاتِ أَحَدُ فُرُوعِ الرِّيَاضِيَّاتِ، استَحدَثَهُ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ وَأَسهَمُوا فِي اِستِخدَامِهِ فِي الحِسَابَاتِ الفَلَكِيَّةِ Trigonometry : A branch of mathematics, originated by Muslim scientists who contributed to the systematic use of this science for astronomical calculations. عِلمُ المَعَادِنِ عِلمٌ يَدرُسُ المَعَادِنَ وَتَصنِيفَهَا وَتَعيِينَهَا وَخَصَائِصَهَا، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Mineralogy : The study of minerals, including their distribution, identification, and properties. It was originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ النَّبَاتِ عِلمٌ أَو دِرَاسَةٌ مَوضُوعُهَا النَّبَاتُ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Botany : The science or study of plants, originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ النَّفسِ عِلمٌ يَدرُسُ العَمَلِيَّاتِ الذِّهنِيَّةَ وَالسُّلُوكَ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Psychology : The science that deals with mental processes and behavior. It was originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الهَندَسَةِ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Geometry : A branch of mathematics advanced by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الهَندَسَةِ الزِّرَاعِيَّةِ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي تَعنَى بِتَطبِيقِ المَبَادِئِ العِلمِيَّةِ فِي زِرَاعَةِ الأَرضِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Agronomy : The application of scientific principles to the cultivation of land, advanced by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ الوِرَاثَةِ فَرعٌ مِن فُرُوعِ عِلمِ الأَحيَاءِ يَعنَى بِدِرَاسَةِ الصِّفَاتِ المَورُوثَةِ، وَهُوَ مِن الفُرُوعِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Genetics : The branch of biology that deals with heredity. It was advanced by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ تَشرِيحِ الأَعضَاءِ عِلمٌ يَعنَى بِشَكلِ وَتَركِيبِ الكَائِنَاتِ الحَيَّةِ وَأَجزَائِهَا، وَهُوَ مِن العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Anatomy : The science of the shape and structure of organisms and their parts. It was advanced by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ تَقوِيمِ الأَعضَاءِ فَرعٌ مِن فُرُوعِ الطِّبِّ يَدرُسُ وَسَائِلَ حِمَايَةِ وَتَقوِيمِ إِصَابَاتِ وَاضطِرَابَاتِ الهَيكَلِ العَظمِيِّ وَالعَضَلَاتِ وَالمَفَاصِلِ وَالأَربِطَةِ المُتَّصِلَةِ بِهِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Orthopedics : The branch of medicine that deals with the prevention or correction of injuries or disorders of the skeletal system and associated muscles, joints, and ligaments. It was originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ دِرَاسَةِ القَلبِ وَوَظَائِفِهِ وَأَمرَاضِهِ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Cardiology : The medical study of the structure, function, and disorders of the heart, originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ زِرَاعَةِ البَسَاتِينَ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Horticulture : The science of growing vegetables, fruits, flowers, and ornamental shrubs, originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ طَبَقَاتِ الأَرضِ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Geology : The science that traces the origin and structure of the earth, originated by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ طَبِيعَةِ الأَرضِ عِلمٌ يَعنَى بِطَبِيعَةِ الأَرضِ وَبِيئَتِهَا، وَهُوَ مِنَ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Geophysics : The science that deals with the physics of the earth and its environment. It was advanced by Muslim scientists. عِلمُ وَظَائِفِ الأَعضَاءِ البَشَرِيَّةِ أَحَدُ العُلُومِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Human physiology : The medical science originated by Muslim scientists. غُرَفُ الطَّوَارِئِ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن أَنشَأَ غُرَفَ الطَّوَارِئِ Emergency rooms : Muslim scientists contributed to the design and operation of the first emergency rooms. فَنُ التَّولِيدِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِاِستِحدَاثِ فَنِّ التَّولِيدِ Science of midwifery : Muslim scientists created the science of midwifery قِرفَةٌ صِينِيَّةٌ أَحَدُ الأَعشَابِ الَّتِي كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهَا فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Cassia : A herb developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. قَزَحِيَّةُ وَقَرَنِيَّةُ العَينِ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن شَخَّصَ دِرَاسَةَ تَركِيبِ قَزَحِيَّةِ وَقَرَنِيَّةِ العَينِ Iris and cornea : Muslim scientists were the first to correctly describe the anatomy of the iris and cornea. قَصَبُ السُّكَّرِ نَبَاتٌ مِن عَائِلَةِ العُشبِيَّاتِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Sugarcane : A tall tropical perennial of the grass family. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. قُنبُلَةٌ يَدَوِيَّةٌ قَذِيفَةٌ يَدَوِيَّةٌ مُتَفَجِّرَةٌ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Grenade : A missile containing priming and bursting charges. The concept was first introduced to the West by Muslims. كَبشُ القَرَنفُلِ نَبَاتٌ تُستَخدَمُ بَرَاعِمُهُ كَدَوَاءٍ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهَا فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Clove : A plant whose buds are used as a medicine. It was developed by Muslim scientists. كِتَابُ الاِعتِمَادِ كِتَابٌ تُصدِرُهُ البُنُوكُ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Letter of credit : A letter issued by banks. The concept was introduced to the West by Muslims. كِيرُ الحَدَّادِ فُرنٌ لِصَهرِ المَعَادِنِ، أَخَذَهُ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Forge : A furnace or hearth where metals are heated or wrought. It was introduced to West by Muslim scientists. لِسَانُ الثَّورِ عِطرٌ أُورُوبِّيٌّ أَزرَقُ الزَّهرِ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي أَغرَاضِ التَّدَاوِي Borage : An annual, bristly European herb having blue star-shaped flowers. It was developed as a medicine by Muslim scientists. مَأوَى المُتَخَلِّفِينَ عَقلِيًّا كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن أَنشَأَ مَأوَى للمُتَخَلِّفِينَ عَقلِيًّا Insane asylums : Muslim were the first to establish insane asylums. مَاءُ الوَردِ مُستَحضَرٌ طَيِّبُ الرَّائِحَةِ يُستَخرَجُ مِن بَتَلَاتِ الوُرُودِ بَعدَ نَقعِهَا وَتَقطِيرِهَا، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي الأَغرَاضِ الطِّبِّيَّةِ Rose water : A fragrant preparation made by steeping or distilling rose petals in water. It was developed for medical use by Muslim scientists. مِحقَنَةٌ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِاستِخدَامِ مِحقَنَةٍ لِلحَقنِ تَحتَ الجِلدِ Needle : Muslim scientists were the first to use hypodermic needles. مُحِيطُ الأَرضِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي حِسَابِ مُحِيطِ الأَرضِ Earth's circumference : Muslim scientists contributed to the measurement of the earth's circumference. مِخرَطَةُ الخَشَبِ وَالمَعَادِنِ آلَةٌ تُستَخدَمُ فِي تَشكِيلِ قِطَعِ المَعدِنِ أَو الخَشَبِ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Lathe : A machine for shaping a piece of material, such as wood or metal. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. مَدرَسَةٌ لِلصَّيدَلَةِ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن أَنشَأَ مَدرَسَةٍ لِتَدرِيسِ الصَّيدَلَةِ فِي العَالَمِ School of pharmacy : Muslim scientists established the world's first school of pharmacy. مَرَاكِزُ الجُرُوحِ كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن أَنشَأَ مَرَاكِزَ الجُرُوحِ Trauma centers : Muslim scientists contributed to the design and operation of the first trauma centers. مَرضَى السُّكَّرِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن لَاحَظَ وُجُودَ السُّكَّرِ فِي بَولِ مَرضَى السُّكَّرِ The diabetics : Muslim scientists were the first to observe the presence of sugar in the urine of diabetics. مُرَكَّبَاتُ الفِطرِيَّاتِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَ مُرَكَّبَاتِ الفِطرِيَّاتِ فِي عِلَاجِ الأَمرَاضِ الهِرمُونِيَّةِ (أَمرَاضُ الغُدَدِ) Glandular extracts : Muslim scientists originated the use of glandular extracts in the treatment of endocrine diseases. مُزِيلُ الرَّوَائِحِ الكَرِيهَةِ مَادَّةٌ تُدهَنُ عَلَى البَشَرَةِ لِلتَّخَلُّصِ مِنَ الرَّائِحَةِ الكَرِيهَةِ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Deodorant : A substance applied to the skin to mask or suppress body odors. The concept was introduced to the West by Muslims. مُطَهِّرٌ زِئبَقِيٌّ أَحَدُ الأَدوِيَةِ الَّتِي اِستَحدَثَهَا العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ Mercury antiseptics : A medicine developed by Muslim scientists. مُعَادَلَاتُ الدَّرَجَةِ الرَّابِعَةِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي إِيجَادِ الحُلُولِ لِمُعَادَلَاتِ الدَّرَجَةِ الرَّابِعَةِ Equations to the fourth degree : Muslim scientists contributed to the solution of equations to the fourth degree. نَبَاتُ السَّنَّا نَبَاتٌ مِنَ الفَصِيلَةِ القَرنِيَّةِ، وَهِيَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Senna : A plant of the genus Cassia. It was introduced as a medicine to the West by Muslims. نَبَاتُ الصَّبِرِ نَبَاتٌ ذُو أَورَاقٍ وَردِيَّةِ الشَّكلِ شَائِكَةِ الأَطرَافِ مُمتَلِئَةٍ بِعُصَارَةٍ لَزِجَةٍ، وَكَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِستَخدَمَهُ فِي الأغرَاضِ الطِّبِّيَّةِ Aloe : A plant having rosettes of juicy, often spiny-margined leaves. Muslim scientists were the first to use it for medical purposes. نَبَاتُ الكُركُمِ جُذُورُ نَبَاتٍ اِستِوَائِيٍّ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Turmeric : The root of a tropical plant. It was introduced to the West by Muslims. __________________ |
نَبَاتُ الكُزبَرَةِ
عُشبٌ طَيِّبُ الرَّائِحَةِ تُشبِهُ أَورَاقُهُ أَورَاقَ البَقدُونسِ، وَقَد أَخَذَه الغَربُ عَن المُسلِمِينَ Coriander : An aromatic herb having parsley-like leaves. It was introduced to the West by Muslims for use as a spice. نَزعَةٌ وِرَاثِيَّةٌ إِلَى النَّزفِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِتَشخِيصٍ دَقِيقٍ لِلنَّزعَةِ الوِرَاثِيَّةِ إِلَى النَّزفِ Hemophilia : Muslim scientists made the first accurate diagnosis of hemophilia. نَزِيفٌ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن قَامَ بِاِستِخدَامِ الثَّلجِ وَالمَاءِ البَارِدِ لِمَنعِ أَو وَقفِ النَّزِيفِ Hemorrhage : Muslim scientists were the first to use ice and cold water to impede or stop hemorrhage. نِصفُ قُطرِ الأَرضِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي حِسَابِ نِصفِ قُطرِ الأَرضِ Radius of the earth : Muslim scientists contributed to the calculation of the radius of the earth. نِظَامُ العَدِّ العَرَبِيِّ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِكتَشَفَ نِظَامَ العَدِّ العَرَبِيِّ Arabic numerals : Muslim scientists contributed to the introduction of Arabic numerals to the West. نَظَرِيَّةُ الرَّقمِ الحَدِيثِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي اِكتِشَافِ نَظَرِيَّةِ الرَّقمِ الحَدِيثِ Modern number theory : Muslim scientists contributed to the creation of the modern number theory. نَظَرِيَّةُ الفَجوَةِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي اِكتِشَافِ وَتَحدِيدِ نَظَرِيَّةِ الفَجوَةِ Sinus theory : Muslim scientists contributed to the invention and synthesis of the sinus theory نَظَرِيَّةُ المُعَادَلَةِ ذَاتِ الحَدَّينِ كَانَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن اِكتَشَفَ نَظَرِيَّةَ المُعَادَلَةِ ذَاتِ الحَدَّينِ Introduction of binomial theorem : Muslim scientists contributed to the introduction of the binomial theorem. نُقطَةُ الأَوجِ لِلقَمَرِ وَالشَّمسِ أَسهَمَ العُلَمَاءُ المُسلِمُونَ فِي حِسَابِ نُقطَةِ الأَوجِ لِلقَمرِ وَالشَّمسِ Apogee of the sun and moon : Muslim scientists contributed to the calculation of the apogee of the sun and moon. وَردِيَّات كَانَ المُسلِمُونَ أَوَّلَ مَن أَنشَأَ الوَردِيَّاتِ النَّهَارِيَّةَ وَاللَّيلِيَّةَ فِي المُستَشفَيَاتِ Hospital shifts : Muslim scientists were the first to institute the procedure of morning and afternoon hospital shifts. __________________ |
المساجد
الجَامِعُ الأَزهَرُ (مِصرَ) بَنَاهُ جَوهَرُ الصِّقِلِّيُّ بِأَمرٍ مِن الخَلِيفَةِ الفَاطِمِيِّ المُعِزِّ لِدِينِ اللَّهِ، بُنِيَ بَينَ سَنَتَي (359-361هـ) (970-972م) بِمِصرَ، وَهُوَ مِن أَشهَرِ جَوَامِعِ الإِسلَامِ وَأَكبَرُ جَامِعَةٍ دِينِيَّةٍ، سُمِّيَ بِالأَزهَرِ إِشَارَةً إِلَى الزَّهرَاءِ وَهُوَ لَقَبُ فَاطِمَةَ بِنتِ الرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّم. أَصبَحَ جَامِعَةً لِأَوَّل مَرَّةٍ فِي العَهدِ المَملُوكِيِّ ثُمَّ أَصبَحَ جَامِعَةً حَدِيثَةً عَامَ 1961م تَضُمُّ عِدَّةَ كُلِّيَاتٍ. يُعتَبَرُ الأَزهَرُ سِجِلًّا لِأَقطَابِ الفِكرِ وَالسِّيَاسَةِ وَ عُلُومِ الدِّينِ فِي مِصرَ وَالعَالَمِ الإِسلَامِيِّ، لَهُ خَمسُ مَآذِنَ مُختَلِفَةُ الطِّرَازِ وَثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ مِحرَابًا، وَمُلحَقٌ بِهِ مَكتَبَةٌ كَبِيرَةٌ جِدًّا. Al-Azhar Mosque : Al-Azhar Mosque was built in Cairo, Egypt by Jauhar Al-Siqilli at the bidding of the Fatimid caliph Al-Mu`izz in the years 359-361 A.H./970-972 A.D. It is considered one of the most famous Islamic mosques and one of the greatest centers of religious learning. Al-Azhar was named after Fatimah Al-Zahra', the Prophet's daughter. Al-Azhar became a university for the first time during the Mamluk era. Secular sciences were introduced in 1961, when it was upgraded to the status of a modern university with a number of different faculties. It has five minarets in different styles, thirteen mihrabs (Prayer niches) and a huge library attached to the mosque. المَركَزُ وَالمَسجِدُ الإِسلَامِيُّ (لَندَن- بِرِيطَانيَا) Islamic Cultural Center and Mosque, London المَسجِدُ الأُمَوِيُّ بِدِمَشقَ (سُورِيَا) بُنِيَ فِي عَهدِ الخَلِيفَةِ الأُمَوِيِّ الوَلِيدِ بنِ عَبدِ المَلِكِ فِي العَهدِ الأُمَوِيِّ سَنَةَ (86-96هـ) (705-714م) بِمَدِينَةِ دِمَشقَ بِسُورِيَا عَاصِمَةِ الخِلَافَةِ الأُمَوِيَّةِ آنَذَاكَ، أُنشِئَ فِي جُزءٍ مِن مَعبَدٍ لِلإِلَهِ الرُّومَانِيِّ جوبتر وَفقَ مُخَطَّطِ مَسجِدِ الرَّسُولِ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ). لَهُ ثَلَاثَةُ مَآذِنَ وَتُعتَبَرُ مَآذِنُهُ أَوَّلَ مُحَاوَلَةٍ لِإِقَامَةِ المَآذِنِ فِي الشَّامِ، لَهُ أَربَعَةُ أَبوَابٍ وَمُزَيَّنٌ بِالفُسَيفِسَاءِ لَا تَزَالُ بَقَايَا الفُسَيفِسَاءِ مَوجُودَةً فِي أَجزَاءٍ هَامَّةٍ دَاخِلَ بَابِ البَرِيدِ (البَابِ الغَربِيِّ لِلمَسجِدِ) كَانَ فِي المَاضِي مُستَودَعًا لِلكُتُبِ وَالمَخطُوطَاتِ. The Umayyad Mosque in Damascus : The Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria was built in the reign of Al-Walid bin `Abdul-Malik from 86-96 A.H./705-714 A.D. It was constructed inside a Roman temple dedicated to the god Jupiter. Its layout was a reproduction of the Prophet's Mosque in Medina. It was the first mosque built in Syria that had three minarets. All four walls of the courtyard were decorated with mosaics. These mosaics were well preserved and had recently been restored. The mosque once contained an extensive library of manuscripts المَسجِدُ الجَامِعُ بِالقَيرَوَانِ (تُونُسُ) بَنَاهُ عُقبَةُ بنُ نَافِع فِي مَدِينَةِ القَيرَوَانِ بِتُونُسَ بَينَ سَنَتَي (50-55هـ) (670-675م) فِي العَهدِ الأُمَوِيِّ، جَدَّدَهُ حَسَّانُ بنُ النُّعمَانِ وَالِي المَغرِبِ لِعَبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَروَانَ وَجَعَلَ لَهُ أَبرَاجًا عَلَى أَركَانِ أَسوَارِهِ فَاتَّخَذَ هَيئَةَ الحِصنِ وَهُوَ أَحَدُ المَسَاجِدِ الجَامِعَةِ الأَربَعَةِ الأُولَى. The Great Mosque of Qairawan : The Great Mosque in Qairawan, Tunisia was founded by `Uqbah Ibn Nafi` between the years 50-55 A.H./670-675 A.D.during the Umayyad era. It was renovated on behalf of the Umayyad caliph Abdul-Malik Ibn Marwan by the Moroccan governor, who built turrets at the corners of the courtyard in order to give it a fortified appearance. It is considered one of the four great mosques in the Islamic world المَسجِدُ الجَامِعُ فِي لَاهُور (بَاكِستَان) تَمَّ إِنشَاؤُهُ بِبَاكِستَانَ فِي عَهدِ السُّلطَانِ جَاهَنجِير فِي القَرنِ السَّابِعَ عَشَرَ وَيَتَمَيَّزُ بِقُبَّتِهِ المَبنِيَّةِ مِن الحَجَرِ المُقَصَّبِ. Al-Masjid Al-Jami` (the Great Mosque) in Lahore : Al-Masjid Al-Jami` was founded in the 17th century during the reign of Sultan Jahangir. It has a dome constructed of elaborately carved pieces of stone. المَسجِدُ الحَرَامُ (السُّعُودِيَّةُ) أَنشَأَهُ سَيِّدُنَا إِبرَاهِيمُ عَلَيهِ السَّلَامُ وَوَلَدُهُ إِسمَاعِيلُ حَوَالَي سَنَة 2793 قَبلَ الهِجرَةِ فِي مَكَّةَ المُكَرَّمَةِ بِالأَرَاضِي السُّعُودِيَّةِ، أَوَّلُ مَسجِدٍ فِي التَّارِيخِ. قِبلَةُ وَمَحَجُّ المُسلِمِينَ، بِهِ الكَعبَةُ المُشَرَّفَةُ، جُدِّدَ وَوُسِّعَ عِدَّةَ مَرَّاتٍ وَمُلحَقٌ بِهِ مَكتَبَةٌ كَبِيرَةٌ. أَكثَرُ مِن مِليَارِ مُسلِمٍ يَتَوَجَّهُونَ بِقُلُوبِهِم إِلَى الكَعبَةِ. The Sacred Mosque : The Sacred Mosque in Mecca was the first mosque built on earth. It was founded by Abraham and his son Ishmael in the year 2793 before the Hijrah (the Prophet's Emigration). The sacred mosque encompasses the Ka`bah, a shrine held sacred by more than 800 million Muslims, to which they are required to make Hajj (Pilgrimage). It has been renovated and expanded several times. It also includes a comprehensive Islamic library. جَامِعُ آيَا صُوفيَا بِاِستَانبُولَ (تُركِيَا) بَنَاهُ السُّلطَانُ مُحَمَّدٌ الفَاتِحُ سَنَةَ (857هـ - 1453م) عَلَى أَنقَاضِ كَنِيسَةٍ بِيزَنطِيَّةٍ وَكَانَ قَد بَنَاهَا الإِمبِرَاطُورُ جوستنيان فِي أَوَاخِرِ القَرنِ السَّادِسِ المِيلَادِيِّ وَتَشتَهِرُ بِقُبَّتِهَا الضَّخمَةِ وَزَخَارِفِهَا وَرُخَامِهَا وَمُنَمنَمَاتِهَا الرَّائِعَةِ. تَحَوَّلَ اليَومَ إِلَى مَتحَفٍ فِي عَهدِ مُصطَفَى كَمَال أَتَاتُورك. وَيُعَدُّ جَامِعُ آيَا صُوفيَا مِن أَجمَلِ المَعَالِمِ المِعمَارِيَّةِ لِمَدِينَةِ اِستَانبُولَ. Hagia Sophie Mosque in Istanbul : Hagia Sophie was originally the most renowned church in the Byzantine capital of Constantinople. The church building was constructed during the reign of the Emperor Justinian in the sixth century A.D. and was famed for its immense dome. It was richly decorated with mosaics and costly marble. After the capture of Constantinople in 1453 A.D.by Fatih Sultan Mehmet, it was converted into a mosque and continued to function as such until it became a museum during the early years of the Turkish Republic. It is surrounded by tombs of Ottoman rulers and their families, as it was always considered the premier mosque of the Ottoman Empire. Its architecture had a profound influence on the subsequent development of the Ottoman architectural style. جَامِعُ أَحمَدَ بنِ طُولُونَ (مِصرُ) بَنَاهُ أَحمَدُ بنُ طُولُونَ سَنَةَ (263هـ - 876م)ُ وَاِنتَهَى مِنهُ (265هـ - 878م) وَيَقَعُ فِي مِصرَ فِي مَيدَانِ أَحمَدَ بنِ طُولُونَ بِحَيِّ السَّيِّدَةِ زَينَبَ جَنُوبَ القَاهِرَةِ (مَوقِع مَدِينَةِ القَطَائِعِ). كَانَ تَخطِيطُهُ مَسجِدَ حِصنٍ كَمَسجِدِ سَامَرَّاءَ لَهُ مِئذَنَةٌ مَلوِيَّةٌ وَهِيَ ذَاتُ مِصعَدٍ خَارِجِيٍّ يَدُورُ حَولَ بَدَنِهَا حَتَّى أَعلَاهَا. Ahmad Ibn Tulun Mosque : Ahmad Ibn Tulun Mosque in Egypt was founded by Ahmad Ibn Tulun in 876 A.D./263 A.H.and completed in 878 A.D./265 A.H.It is situated in Al-Saiydah Zainab quarter in southern Cairo, a place in which the ancient city of Al-Qata'i` was once located. The general layout of the mosque was modeled on that of the Great Mosque of Samarra. It has a minaret with spiral staircase winding around its exterior. جَامِعُ السُّلَيمَانِيَّةِ (تُركِيَا) بُنِيَ فِي عَهدِ السُّلطَانِ سُلَيمَانِ القَانُونِيِّ وَدُفِنَ دَاخِلَهُ سِلِيمُ الأَوَّلُ مَؤَسِّسُ الإِمبِرَاطُورِيَّةِ العُثمَانِيَّةِ. يَقَعُ المَسجِدُ عَلَى تَلٍّ خَلفَ جَامِعَةِ اِستَانبُولَ وَهُوَ مِن الآثَارِ الإِسلَامِيَّةِ الخَالِدَةِ، لَهُ أَربَعَةُ مَنَابِرَ. جُلِبَت قِطَعُ المَرمَرِ المُستَعمَلَةُ فِي بِنَائِهِ مِن جَزِيرَةِ مَرمَرَةَ وَالجَزِيرَةِ العَرَبِيَّةِ وَاليَمَنِ، بِهِ زَخَارِفُ مُلَوَّنَةٌ كَثِيرَةٌ وَكِتَابَاتٌ مِن خَطِّ أَحمَدَ قُرَّةَ، وَحَسَن شَلَبِي أَشهَرِ الخَطَّاطِينَ فِي العَهدِ العُثمَانِيِّ آنَذَاكَ. وَالجَامِعُ مُلحَقٌ بِهِ مَكتَبَةٌ ضَخمَةٌ. The Sulymaniye Mosque : This outstanding structure was erected in the reign of the Sultan Sulyman Al-Qanuni. Selim I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire, was buried in a tomb to the rear of this mosque. The mosque was erected on a hill near the University of Istanbul. With its four minarets, it is considered one of the major monuments of the Islamic antiquities. The marble used in its construction was brought from the Marmara region, the Arabian Peninsula and Yemen. Hasan Celebi, the student of Ahmet Karah, the most famous of all Ottoman calligraphers, executed the Arabic inscriptions which are intermingled with colorful ceramic decoration. A huge library was constructed in the mosque complex. جَامِعُ القَرَوِيِّينَ (المَغرِبُ) أَنشَأَهُ إِدرِيسُ الثَّانِي فِي عَهدِ دَولَةِ الأَدَارِسَةِ سَنَةَ (192هـ - 808م) بِمَدِينَةِ فَاسَ بِالمَغرِبِ، وَالمَسجِدُ عَلَمٌ مِن أَعلَامِ الحَضَارَةِ الإِسلَامِيَّةِ وَمَركَزُ عِبَادَةٍ وَأَقدَمُ جَامِعَةٍ فِي التَّارِيخِ تَحَوَّلَت اليَومَ إِلَى جَامِعَةٍ حَدِيثَةٍ تُدَرِّسُ عُلُومَ الإِسلَامِ وَعُلُومَ العَصرِ الحَدِيثِ. يَمتَازُ هَذَا الجَامِعُ بِأَسطُحِهِ القُرمُزِيَّةِ. مِنبَرُهُ مِن أَجمَلِ المَنَابِرِ المَعرُوفَةِ إِلَى اليَومِ وَهُوَ نَمُوذَجٌ لِلفَنِّ المَغرِبِيِّ الأَندَلُسِيِّ، وَمُلحَقٌ بِهِ مَكتَبَةٌ كَبِيرَةٌ. اِشتَرَكَت فِي بِنَائِهِ جَمِيعُ الدُّوَلِ الَّتِي تَعَاقَبَت عَلَى الحُكمِ فِي المَغرِبِ. Al-Qarawiyin Mosque : Al-Qarawiyin Mosque was founded in Fez, Morocco in 192 A.H./808 A.D. by Idris II during the Idrisid Dynasty. One of the greatest achievements of Islamic civilization, it is a center of worship and one of the most ancient universities in the world. It is now a modern university teaching religious and modern secular sciences. Its pulpit is considered a model of the outstanding beauty of Andalusian art. Subsequent Moroccan dynasties have contributed to its renovation. جَامِعُ عَمرِو بنِ العَاصِ (مِصرُ) أَنشَأَهُ عَمرُو بنُ العَاصِ 21هـ وَيَقَعُ فِي (مِصرَ) مَيدَانِ عَمرِو بنِ العَاصِ - مِصرَ القَدِيمَةِ- لَم يَبقَ مِن أَصلِهِ الأَوَّلِ شَيءٌ عَلَى الإِطلَاقِ، نَالَ عَلَى يَدِ الأُمَوِيِّينَ وَالعَبَّاسِيِّينَ نَصِيبًا مِن العِنَايَةِ المِعمَارِيَّةِ، وَفِي العَصرِ الفَاطِمِيِّ عُنِيَ بِهِ خُلَفَاءُ الدَّولَةِ فَزَوَّدُوهُ بِالكَثِيرِ مِن الأَثَاثِ وَالثُّرَيَّاتِ وَالقَنَادِيلِ. `Amr Ibn Al-`As Mosque : `Amr Ibn Al-`As Mosque was founded by `Amr Ibn Al-`As in 21 A.H., in the newly established city of Fustat, Egypt. Today nothing remains of its original structure. The Umayyads and the Abbasids renovated it several times. In the Fatimid era it was luxuriously furnished and equipped with scores of lamps. مَسجِدُ أَصفَهَانَ (إِيرَان) مَسجِدُ الشَّاه الكَبِيرِ بِمَدِينَةِ أَصفَهَانَ بِإِيرَانَ الَّتِي يُنسَبُ إِلَيهَا الكَثِيرُ مِن العُلَمَاءِ. Isfahan Mosque : Isfahan Mosque in Iran is also known as 'Masjid Al-Shah Al-Kabir'. Many scholars have been associated with this mosque مَسجِدُ السُّلطَانِ (كُوَالَالَمبُور) The Sultan Mosque, Kuala Lumpur مَسجِدُ السِّلِيمِيَّةِ فِي أَدِرنَة (تُركِيَا) مَسجِدُ السِّلِيمِيَّةِ فِي أَدِرنَة بِتُركِيَا بَدَأَ إِنشَاؤُهُ سَنَةَ 1570م وَتَمَّ بِنَاؤُهُ سَنَةَ 1574م. وَهُوَ مِن تَصمِيمِ المِعمَارِيِّ سِنَان وَالَّذِي يُعتَبَرُ مِن أَكمَلِ أَعمَالِهِ الَّتِي تَزِيدُ عَلَى ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ مَبنًى مَا بَينَ مَسَاجِدَ وَمَدَارِسَ وَقَنَاطِرَ وَقُصُورٍ. وَالمَسجِدُ كُلُّهُ مُلَبَّسٌ بِالرُّخَامِ وَالمَرمَرِ. The Selimiye Mosque in Edirne, Turkey : The Selimiye Mosque was constructed in 1570-1574 A.D. by the Sultan Selim II. This building was the masterpiece of the great court architect Sinan. He designed many mosques, in addition to over 300 other buildings, including baths, schools, markets, caravansaries and bridges. The mosque is famous for the perfection of its design and the quality of its decorations. مَسجِدُ المَدِينَةِ المُنَوَّرَةِ (السُّعُودِيَّةُ) أَنشَأَهُ الرَّسُولُ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ) سَنَةَ (1هـ - 622م) وَهُوَ ثَانِي مَسجِدٍ فِي الإِسلَامِ وَمَقَرُّ أَوَّلِ حُكُومَةٍ إِسلَامِيَّةٍ، ثَانِي الحَرَمَينِ الشَّرِيفَينِ الَّذِي تُشَدُّ إِلَيهِ الرِّحَالُ، وَالمَركَزُ الرُّوحِيُّ وَالفِكرِيُّ وَالسِّيَاسِيُّ لِلجَمَاعَةِ الإِسلَامِيَّةِ وَرَمزُ وَحدَتِهَا، وُلِدَ فِيهِ أَوَّلُ دُستُورٍ لِلإِسلَامِ. The Prophet's Mosque in Medina : The Prophet's Mosque in Medina was built by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in 1 A.H./622 A.D. It was the second mosque in the Islamic era and the headquarters of the first Islamic government. Moreover, it is considered the center of Muslims and the symbol for their spiritual, political and intellectual unity. In this mosque, the first Islamic constitution was laid down. مَسجِدُ دِلهِي (الهِند) أَنشَأَهُ السُّلطَانُ شَاه جَاهَان فِي العَهدِ الإِسلَامِيِّ بِالقَرنِ السَّابِعَ عَشَرَ (1644-1658م) بِدِلهِي بِالهِندِ، أَكبَرُ مَسَاجِدِ الهِندِ قَاطِبَةً، طِرَازُهُ هِندِيٌّ مَحَلِّيٌّ يَجمَعُ بَينَ طَرِيقَةِ المَعَابِدِ البُوذِيَّةِ وَالهِندُوسِيَّةِ قَبلَ الإِسلَامِ، لَهُ مِئذَنَتَانِ رَفِيعَتَانِ تَرتَفِعَانِ أَربَعِينَ مِترًا فِي غَايَةِ الغَرَابَةِ وَالجَمَالِ. Delhi Mosque : Delhi Mosque was founded by Sultan Shah Jahan in the 17th century (1644-1658 A.D.) It is the biggest mosque on the Indian subcontinent. It is built in Indian style, which combines Persian, Buddhist and Hindu architectural elements. It has two beautiful, slender minarets, each 40 meters high. مَسجِدُ سَامَرَّاءَ (العِرَاقُ) بَنَاهُ الخَلِيفَةُ العَبَّاسِيُّ المُتَوَكِّلُ سَنَةَ (218هـ-228هـ) و (833م-843م) بِسَامَرَّاءَ بِالعِرَاقِ، يُشبِهُ الحِصنَ، وَمِئذَنَتُهُ ذَاتُ مِصعَدٍ لَولَبِيٍّ تُذَكِّرُ بِفِكرَةِ بُرجِ بَابِلَ وَتُسَمَّى المَلوِيَّةَ، أَوسَعُ مَا بَنَاهُ المُسلِمُونَ مِن مَسَاجِدَ، لَهُ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ بَابًا. The Mosque of Samarra : The Mosque of Samarra was founded in Iraq by the Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil in the period 218-228 A.H./833-843 A.D.in Samarra, Iraq. The mosque has a minaret with a spiral staircase, with sixteen gates opening onto a courtyard. It is considered the most spacious mosque built in the Islamic world |
مَسجِدُ سُوسَةَ الجَامِعُ (تُونُسُ)
أَنشَأَهُ أَبُو العَبَّاسِ عَبدُ اللَّهِ بنُ إِبرَاهِيمَ بنِ أَحمَدَ الأَغلَبِيُّ فِي عَهدِ دَولَةِ الأَغَالِبَةِ شَمَالَ أَفرِيقيَا سَنَةَ (236هـ - 850م) بِمَدِينَةِ سُوسَةَ فِي تُونُسَ. وَيُعتَبَرُ مِن أَجمَلِ وَأَكبَرِ المَسَاجِدِ العَتِيقَةِ البَاقِيَةِ. وَمِن أَكبَرِ المَعالِمِ فِي تَارِيخِ عِمَارَةِ المَسَاجِدِ، مِحرَابُهُ خَشَبِيٌّ مُتَحَرِّكٌ وَهُوَ مِن أَقدَمِ مَا عُثِرَ عَلَيهِ مِن نَوعِهِ فِي تَارِيخِ العِمَارَةِ الإِسلَامِيَّةِ وَيُشبِهُ مِحرَابَ مَسجِدِ الزَّيتُونَةِ فِي تُونُسَ وَالمَسجِدِ الجَامِعِ بِالجَزَائِرِ. The Mosque of Sousse : The Mosque of Sousse was built in Tunisia by Abu Al-`Abbas `Abdullah Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Ahmad Al-Aghlabi during the reign of the Aghlabids in 236 A.H./850 A.D. One of the biggest and most beautiful of the surviving ancient mosques, it occupies an important place in the history of Islamic architecture. It has a movable wooden mihrab (Prayer niche), similar to that in Al-Masjid Al-Jami` (the Great Mosque) in Algeria and Jami` Al-Zaitunah (The Olive Mosque) in Tunis. مَسجِدُ صَلَاحِ الدِّينِ (مَالِيزيَا) The Mosque of Salah Al-Din, Malaysia مَسجِدُ عِبَادِ الرَّحمَنِ (إِندُونِيسيَا) The Mosque of `Ibad Al-Rahman, Indonesia مَسجِدُ قَايِتبَاي (مِصرُ) أَنشَأَهُ السُّلطَانُ قَايِتبَاي فِي العَهدِ المَملُوكِيِّ بِمِصرَ سَنَةَ (877هـ - 1472م) وَيَقَعُ الآنَ فِي مَقَابِرِ الخُلَفَاءِ جَنُوبَ القَاهِرَةِ. مَسجِدُ قَايِتبَاي هُوَ آخِرُ مَا أَنشَأَهُ السُّلطَانُ وَيُعَدُّ تُحفَةً أَثَرِيَّةً وَخَاصَّةً زَخَارِفُ قُبَّتِهِ المُمَيَّزَةُ وَقَد تَغَنَّى بِهَا الأَثَرِيُّ الفَرَنسِيُّ جَاستُون وِيت. Qait Bay Mosque : Qait Bay Mosque was founded by Sultan Qait Bay in Egypt during the Mamluk era in 877 A.H./1472 A.D.It is now situated in Maqabir Al-Khulafa' (or the Caliphs' Cemeteries), Cairo. It is the last architectural achievement of Qait Bay, and is especially famed for the beauty of the decorations on its dome. This dome was highly praised by the French archeologist Jaston Wiett. مَسجِدُ قُبَاءٍ (السُّعُودِيَّةُ) أَوَّلُ مَسجِدٍ فِي الإِسلَامِ بَنَاهُ الرَّسُولُ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ) سَنَةَ 1هـ - 622م بِمَدِينَةِ قُبَاءٍ عَلَى مَشَارِفِ المَدِينَةِ المُنَوَّرَةِ. ذُكِرَ فِي القُرآنِ الكَرِيمِ أَنَّهُ المَسجِدُ الَّذِي أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقوَى. وَتَمَّ تَجدِيدُهُ عِدَّةَ مَرَّاتٍ وَكَانَ الخَلِيفَةُ عُمَرُ بنُ عَبدِ العَزِيزِ أَوَّلَ مَن وَضَعَ لَهُ مِئذَنَةً. وَتَوَلَّى تَجدِيدَهُ فِي العَصرِ الحَدِيثِ أُسرَةُ آلِ سُعُودٍ. The Mosque of Quba' : The Mosque of Quba' was the first mosque built in the Islamic era. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) built it in 1 A.H./622 A.D.in Quba', about 5 km southeast of Medina. The Holy Qur'an referred to it as: "A mosque whose foundations have been laid on piety from the first day" Surah Al-Taubah (No. 9, Verse 108). The Caliph `Umar bin `Abdul-`Aziz was the first to construct a minaret on it. It has been renovated several times throughout the ages, most recently by the Saudi Government. مَسجِدُ قُبَّةِ الصَّخرَةِ (فِلَسطِينُ) بُنِيَ فِي عَهدِ الخَلِيفَةِ الأُمَوِيِّ عَبدِ المَلِكِ بنِ مَروَانَ بَينَ سَنَتَي (65-86هـ)ُ (684-705م) فِي مَدِينَةِ القُدسِ الشَّرقِيَّةِ. وَهُوَ مَبنًى مَسجِدِيٌّ فَرِيدٌ فِي بَابِهِ فِي عَالَمِ الإِسلَامِ تَخلِيدًا لِلصَّخرَةِ الَّتِي عُرِجَ بِالرَّسُولِ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ) عِندَهَا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، جُدِّدَ عِدَّةَ مَرَّاتٍ وَزُيِّنَ بِالفُسَيفِسَاءِ وَالقَاشَانِي التُّركِيِّ سَنَةَ 1554م. The Dome of the Rock Mosque (Qubbat Al-Sakhrah) : The Dome of the Rock Mosque was founded by the Umayyad Caliph Abdul-Malik Ibn Marwan in Jerusalem in the period (65-86 A.H./684-705 A.D.) It was built in memoriam of the rock from which the Prophet began his ascent to heaven (Al-Mi`raj). The mosque has been renovated several times. It was decorated with fine mosaics and Turkish faience in 1554 A.H. مَسجِدُ قُرطُبَةَ الجَامِعُ (أَسبَانيَا) بَدَأَ إِنشَاؤُهُ فِي عَهدِ الخَلِيفَةِ الأُمَوِيِّ الأَندَلُسِيِّ عَبدِ الرَّحمَنِ الدَّاخِلِ بِمَدِينَةِ قُرطُبَةَ بِالأَندَلُسِ، أَسبَانيَا الإِسلَامِيَّةِ سَنَةَ 170هـ - 786م. تَمَّ بِنَاءُ هَذَا المَسجِدِ خِلَالَ قَرنَينِ وَنِصفِ قَرنٍ عَلَى وَجهِ التَّقرِيبِ. وَهُوَ قِمَّةٌ مِن قِمَمِ الفَنِّ المِعمَارِيِّ العَالَمِيِّ عَلَى مَرِّ العُصُورِ وَهُوَ أَضخَمُ بَيتٍ لِلصَّلَاةِ بُنِيَ فِي الإِسلَامِ، وَلَمَّا زَرَعَ النَّاسُ شَجَرَةَ التَّارِيخِ فِي الصَّحنِ سُمِّيَ بِصَحنِ التَّارِيخِ، حُوِّلَ إِلَى كَاتَدرَائِيَّة عِندَمَا اِستَولَى الأَسبَانُ عَلَى قُرطُبَةَ سَنَةَ 1236م وَكَانَ لِقُرُونٍ طَوِيلَةٍ أَعظَمَ مَركَزٍ لِلعِلمِ فِي أُورُبَّا، وَكَانَ دَارَ قَضَاءٍ بِقُرطُبَةَ، وَجُدِّدَ بِنَاؤُهُ عِدَّةَ مَرَّاتٍ. The Great Mosque in Cordoba : The Great Mosque in Cordoba, Spain was founded during the reign of the Umayyad caliph `Abdul-Rahman Al-Dakhil, in 170 A.H./786 A.D.It was completed over a period of nearly two and a half centuries. This mosque is considered one of the greatest architectural achievements in the Islamic era. The famous "History Tree" was planted in the pillared court [Sahn], later known as the Court of History. The mosque was then converted into a cathedral after the Spanish conquest of Cordoba in 1236 A.D. For many years it was the greatest educational center in Europe. It has been renovated several times |
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